Serum antibody levels and avidities toEscherichia coli O antigens and poliovirus type 1 antigen are increased in children treated for malignant disease

Ninety-one children in an orphanage, who had varying degrees of natural and acquired immunity to polioviruses, were given three doses of a trivalent poliovirus vaccine at monthly intervals. It was found that among children who lacked protection to one or two types, a single dose of trivalent vaccine resulted in seroconversion to that type. For those who had antibody levels of less than four to all three types, the type 1 component of the vaccine appeared to be less effective than the other two types. An elevation in serum antibody titer was noted more frequently in children who had preimmunization titers of 1:64 or less than in those with high preimmunization titers. Although the mechanism of acquisition of prior immunity was unknown, it must be assumed that many of the subjects had had natural poliovirus infection in the past.

Download Full-text

Enhanced Murine Antigen-Specific Gamma Interferon and Immunoglobulin G2a Responses by Using Mycobacterial ESAT-6 Sequences in DNA Vaccines

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.71.4.2239-2243.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 2239-2243 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

F. Chris Minion ◽

Sreekumar A. Menon ◽

Gregory G. Mahairas ◽

M. J. Wannemuehler

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Dna Vaccines ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Gamma Interferon ◽

Viral Pathogens ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT The Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein ESAT-6 has unusual immune stimulating activities, has been implicated in the recall of long-lived immunity, and induces protection against tuberculosis in mice. For many diseases caused by bacterial or viral pathogens, a strong cell-mediated immune (i.e., type 1) response is often required for recovery or protection. Therefore, it is important to design immunization regimens that induce agent-specific type 1 immunity. We have shown in previous studies that ESAT-6 could enhance antigen-specific type 1 immune responses in BALB/c mice against a second antigen when presented as a purified fusion protein. It was also of interest to determine if ESAT-6 could enhance the type 1 response against a second antigen beyond that afforded by DNA vaccination through CpG motifs. This was tested by using gene fusions of ESAT-6 and the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae surface antigen P71. Modified P71 gene sequences were cloned with or without ESAT-6 sequences into a DNA vaccine vector and were used to immunize mice. Splenic lymphocytes from vaccinated mice were tested for gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion. Serum antibodies were examined for P71 antigen-specific isotype responses. When stimulated in vitro with purified P71 antigen, splenocytes from the ESAT-6:P71 vaccinates secreted higher levels of IFN-γ and lower levels of IL-10 compared to those of vaccinates receiving the P71 construct alone. Furthermore, the immunoglobulin G2a serum antibody levels were significantly higher in the ESAT-6:P71 vaccinates compared to those of the vaccinates receiving P71 alone. In conclusion, ESAT-6 was shown to enhance antigen-specific type 1 immune responses in BALB/c mice when used in DNA vaccines.

Download Full-text

Correlation of virus polypeptide structure with attenuation of poliovirus type 1.

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.23.3.811-815.1977 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 811-815 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J B Milstien ◽

J R Walker ◽

L J Eron

Keyword(s):

Poliovirus Type ◽

Polypeptide Structure

Download Full-text

Genetic variation occurring on the genome of an in vitro insertion mutant of poliovirus type 1.

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.63.3.1069-1075.1989 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 1069-1075 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

S Kuge ◽

N Kawamura ◽

A Nomoto

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Insertion Mutant ◽

Poliovirus Type

Download Full-text

POLIOMYELITIS IN CANADIAN ESKIMOS: LABORATORY STUDIES. V. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 3 POLIOMYELITIS ANTIBODY LEVELS IN BAFFIN ISLAND ESKIMOS

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y54-013 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 119-125

Author(s):

W. Wood ◽

Eina M. Clark ◽

F. T. Shimada ◽

A. J. Rhodes

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

Baffin Island ◽

Tissue Cultures ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Poliomyelitis Virus ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Type 3

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.

Download Full-text

Antibody response of carp, Cyprinus carpio to the cestode, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182099004242 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 118 (6) ◽

pp. 635-639 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

P. NIE ◽

D. HOOLE

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Cyprinus Carpio ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Infected Fish ◽

Immune Protection ◽

Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽

Bothriocephalus Acheilognathi ◽

Protection Against Infection ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Antibody Secreting Cells

The humoral antibody response and the number of pronephric antibody-secreting cells were examined in naturally Bothriocephalus acheilognathi-infected carp. Cyprinus carpio, and in those injected intraperitoneally with an extract of the cestode. In the extract-injected fish, specific antibody was detected 3 weeks after a second injection given 2 weeks after the primary injection, and antibody levels persisted for more than 200 days. A third injection also enhanced the antibody level in the extract-injected carp. The numbers of antibody-secreting cells were significantly higher in carp injected 3 times with the extract than in the control. In naturally-infected fish, the serum antibody levels and the number of pronephric antibody-secreting cells were higher in infected fish than in uninfected individuals although this difference was not statistically significant. The relevance of these results to immune protection against infection is discussed.

Download Full-text

A/H1N1 hemagglutinin antibodies show comparable affinity in vaccine-related Narcolepsy type 1 and control and are unlikely to contribute to pathogenesis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83543-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Lind ◽

Ilaria Marzinotto ◽

Cristina Brigatti ◽

Anita Ramelius ◽

Lorenzo Piemonti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Antigenic Determinant ◽

Etiological Agent ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Antibody Affinity ◽

Antibody Titres ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

And Control ◽

Radiobinding Assay

AbstractAn increased incidence of narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) was observed in Scandinavia following the 2009–2010 influenza Pandemrix vaccination. The association between NT1 and HLA-DQB1*06:02:01 supported the view of the vaccine as an etiological agent. A/H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) is the main antigenic determinant of the host neutralization antibody response. Using two different immunoassays, the Luciferase Immunoprecipitation System (LIPS) and Radiobinding Assay (RBA), we investigated HA antibody levels and affinity in an exploratory and in a confirmatory cohort of Swedish NT1 patients and healthy controls vaccinated with Pandemrix. HA antibodies were increased in NT1 patients compared to controls in the exploratory (LIPS p = 0.0295, RBA p = 0.0369) but not in the confirmatory cohort (LIPS p = 0.55, RBA p = 0.625). HA antibody affinity, assessed by competition with Pandemrix vaccine, was comparable between patients and controls (LIPS: 48 vs. 39 ng/ml, p = 0.81; RBA: 472 vs. 491 ng/ml, p = 0.65). The LIPS assay also detected higher HA antibody titres as associated with HLA-DQB1*06:02:01 (p = 0.02). Our study shows that following Pandemrix vaccination, HA antibodies levels and affinity were comparable NT1 patients and controls and suggests that HA antibodies are unlikely to play a role in NT1 pathogenesis.

Download Full-text

Low Immunogenicity of Intravesical Phage Therapy for Urogenitary Tract Infections

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060627 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 627

Author(s):

Sławomir Letkiewicz ◽

Marzanna Łusiak-Szelachowska ◽

Ryszard Międzybrodzki ◽

Maciej Żaczek ◽

Beata Weber-Dąbrowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Phage Therapy ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Urogenital Infections ◽

Reliable Model ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Antibody Levels

Patients with chronic urinary and urogenital multidrug resistant bacterial infections received phage therapy (PT) using intravesical or intravesical and intravaginal phage administration. A single course of PT did not induce significant serum antibody responses against administered phage. Whilst the second cycle of PT caused a significant increase in antibody levels, they nevertheless remained quite low. These data combined with good therapy results achieved in some patients suggest that this mode of PT may be an efficient means of therapy for urogenital infections and a reliable model for a clinical trial of PT.

Download Full-text

Seasonality of month of birth of patients with Graves’ and Hashimoto’s diseases differ from that in the general population

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-07-0015 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 156 (6) ◽

pp. 631-636 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Gerasimos E Krassas ◽

Konstantinos Tziomalos ◽

Nikolaos Pontikides ◽

Hadas Lewy ◽

Zvi Laron

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Month Of Birth ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Common Etiology ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Low Levels ◽

Antibody Levels

Objective: We aimed to test the viral hypothesis in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Design: We determined the pattern of month of birth (MOB) distribution in patients with AITD and in the general population and searched for differences between them. Methods: A total of 1023 patients were included in this study; 359 patients had Graves’ hyperthyroidism (GrH) and 664 had Hashimoto’s hypothyroidism (HH). We divided the patients with HH into three subgroups according to their thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody titers at diagnosis: low levels (<500 IU/ml), high levels (500–1000 IU/ml), and extremely high levels (>1000 IU/ml). We used cosinor analysis to analyze the data. Results: Overall, patients with GrH and HH had a different pattern of MOB distribution when compared with the general population and between groups. Furthermore, among both patients with GrH and HH, both genders had a different pattern of MOB distribution when compared with the general population and this pattern was also different between genders. Finally, only women with extremely high titers of TPO antibodies at diagnosis and men with low or extremely high TPO antibody levels showed rhythmicity in MOB, with a pattern of MOB distribution different from that in controls. Conclusions: The different MOB seasonality in both GrH and HH points towards a similar maybe even common etiology with type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis, namely a seasonal viral infection as the initial trigger in the perinatal period, the clinical disease resulting from further specific damage over time.

Download Full-text